A spatio-contextual probabilistic model for extracting linear features in hilly terrains from high-resolution DEM data     

Xiran Zhou  Samantha T. Arundel 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(4):666-686

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考虑填充墙影响的钢筋混凝土厂房结构地震易损性分析     

梁志强  徐超  温增平 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):707-718

采用对角斜撑模拟纵向填充墙的作用，建立考虑填充墙和不考虑填充墙厂房结构模型，采用拉丁超立方抽样技术建立考虑材料不确定性的结构分析样本，基于随机Pushover分析确定结构不同破坏状态下的统计参数。综合考虑结构材料强度及输入地震动不确定性的影响，通过非线性时程分析开展单层钢筋混凝土厂房结构易损性研究，在此基础上比较结构横、纵向易损性的差异，研究填充墙对结构易损性的影响。研究结果表明:钢筋混凝土厂房结构体系横向地震易损性显著大于纵向地震易损性；对纵向结构体系而言，加入填充墙会明显降低结构易损性，但在相同强度的地震动作用下，填充墙破坏程度比主体结构严重，这与厂房结构的实际震害特征相符。  相似文献   

基于车载激光点云的街景立面自动提取     

耿雨馨  钟若飞  彭宝江 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(4):480-488

街道景观图是城市规划设计和城市管理的重要参考依据,车载点云数据能够提供沿街建筑的三维点信息,精度高,覆盖范围广泛,为街景立面整治提供了新的解决方案。为此,本文提出一种适用于车载点云的街景立面的自动提取方法,提取立面点云的具体步骤为：对原始数据去噪滤波;选取非地面点构建规则格网并二值化,依据语义特征筛选出建筑物点云;用POS数据拟合直线段帮助选取参考向量与参考平面;计算点云到参考面的距离,按距离分类点云数据,并对前述步骤中未分类点另行提取,合并面点集得到以沿街建筑物立面为主的街景立面点云。为了验证这一方法的可行性和有效性,采用点云数据进行实验,实验结果表明本方法在一定程度上提高了数据处理效率,能得到较理想的结果。  相似文献   

Local Oceanic Vertical Deflection Determination with Gravity Data Along a Profile     

Jianbo Wang  Xin Liu  Yi Shen  Qiaoli Kong 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):24-43

Deflections of the vertical (DOVs) over oceans cannot be directly measured, which restricts their applications. A local covariance function of anomalous potential is put forward in this paper in conjunction with the least-squares collocation (LSC) method to compute the oceanic DOVs utilization of oceanic gravity data along a profile. The covariance functions of gravity field quantities have been derived directly as functions of x, y and z without the need to introduce coordinate transformations corresponding to along- or cross-profile components. In the proposed methodology, gravity data along a profile were used to calculate the residual gravity anomaly using the remove-compute-restore technique. The residual gravity anomaly was used to calculate the parameters of the proposed covariance function of the local anomalous gravity field, which was used in the LSC to compute the residual DOVs along the profile. The residual DOVs added model DOVs to recover the DOVs along the profile. The results of a simulation experiment prove that the proposed methodology is feasible and effective.  相似文献   

基于OEM板的GNSS原始数据解码与质量分析     

郭亮亮  李建文  魏绒绒  代桃高  刘瑞宁 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(1):106-110

介绍Trimble BD970 OEM板接收BINEX格式数据流的结构和解码原理，得到相应的多系统观测文件和星历文件，成功完成对实测数据的解码。介绍GNSS观测数据质量评估的指标及方法，并基于解码后的数据对BD970 OEM板进行数据分析，得到该板卡的观测数据质量相关指标值，为后续的产品应用提供可靠保障。  相似文献   

Impacts of alien ‘ecosystem engineers’ overwhelm interannual and seasonal shifts in rocky-shore community composition on Marcus Island,South Africa     

S Sadchatheeswaran  GM Branch  CL Moloney 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):137-147

The South African coastline has been invaded by numerous alien species. Rare pre-invasion (1980) and post-invasion datasets (2001 and 2012) exist for Marcus Island, a small land-tied island in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. These snapshot datasets of the island’s intertidal invertebrate community were complemented with monitoring across seasons, from 2014 to 2016. Invertebrate communities were compared among the summers of 1980, 2001, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016 to assess interannual differences, while invertebrates and algae were monitored quarter-annually to assess seasonal changes. In addition, the population dynamics of the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were monitored. Differences in invertebrate communities between consecutive summers were significant but much smaller than changes induced by the arrival of alien species. Invertebrate and seaweed communities differed among years and shore zones but not among seasons, whereas species diversity differed among years, seasons and shore zones, with zones having the strongest influence. The invasion by M. galloprovincialis, and ensuing spatial and temporal variability in its recruitment, emerged as the most important factor influencing community composition, overshadowing interannual and seasonal changes. This work highlights that the impacts of alien species can be distinguished from natural variability by combining long-term monitoring with surveys at finer temporal scales. This is an important step in extending our understanding of the impacts of marine alien species.  相似文献   

Simplified multi-block constitutive model predicting earthquake-induced landslide triggering and displacement along slip surfaces of saturated sand     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

Slopes consisting of saturated sand have recently moved down-slope tens or hundreds of meters under the action of earthquakes. This paper presents a simplified but accurate method predicting the triggering and displacement of such landslides. For this purpose, a simplified constitutive model simulating soil response of saturated sands along slip surfaces is proposed and validated. Then, this constitutive model is coupled with the multi-block sliding system model to predict the triggering and displacement of such slides. The multi-block model considers a general mass sliding on a trajectory which consists of n linear segments. The steps needed to apply this method are described in detail. The method was applied successfully to predict the triggering, the motion and the final configuration of the well-documented (a) Higashi Takezawa, (b) Donghekou and (c) Nikawa earthquake-induced slides.  相似文献   

大陆架科学钻探CSDP-2井的垂直地震剖面测量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吴志强  祁江豪  张训华  郭兴伟  丘学林  张雪飞  谭云龙  黄聿晓  李文强  庞玉茂 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3492-3508

南黄海海相地层的地震波场特征和层位标定一直是困扰地震勘探的重要问题.为了近距离、高精度和高分辨率地观测井周围构造特征和岩石性质引起的波场变化，为地震资料的采集、处理与解释提供地震波衰减规律、速度与层位标定等信息，对大陆架科学钻探CSDP-2井实施了近零偏移距垂直地震剖面（VSP）观测.针对海相地层顶部强反射界面地震波穿透难的问题，采用了大容量气枪震源并设计了气枪阵列组合方式，提高了激发地震波的能量，获得了强反射界面之下清晰的PP、PS下行波和上行波信号.采用了三分量偏振合成、组合滤波和波场分离等处理方法，对VSP观测数据进行处理，获得了海相三叠系—志留系的精细的纵波、横波速度结构和地层吸收因子等物性数据，建立了钻井地层、测井、VSP上行波和多道地震剖面对应关系，实现了不同尺度的地质和地球物理属性资料的有效衔接，标定了钻井地质剖面上各深度地质体的地震反射特性，厘定了过井地震剖面上反射同相轴的地质属性.此次观测取得的纵波、横波速度信息，成为建立南黄海海相地层速度模型主要的资料来源，也是地震资料的岩性反演处理不可缺少的信息.  相似文献   

钻探参数实时采集系统研制与应用          下载免费PDF全文

汤小仁  孟义泉  訾兵  梁日旺 《探矿工程》2020,47(6):46-53

钻探参数实时采集系统研制的目的是向钻探技术及管理人员提供直观的钻探实时参数，通过该系统可全天候的掌握钻探工况。钻探参数采集的方法是通过传感器采集压力、转速、位移、流量、液位等物理参数，使用配套的软硬件设备进行数据转换和处理，在人机交互界面显示直观的工程参数。该系统根据野外现场不同工作环境可以使用互联网、GPRS终端或者北斗卫星终端把现场实时工程数据无线传输至远程服务器上，用户通过手机或电脑即可查看到现场的实时或历史工程数据。采用本系统可以预防和减少钻探事故，为事故处理提供数据支撑，为实现钻探自动化、智能化提供基础数据。  相似文献   

Geochemical and geochronological characteristics of the Um Rus granite intrusion and associated gold deposit,Eastern Desert,Egypt     

Basem Zoheir  Richard Goldfarb  Astrid Holzheid  Hassan Helmy  Ahmed El Sheikh 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):325-345

The Um Rus tonalite-granodiorite intrusion(~6 km2)occurs at the eastern end of the Neoproterozoic,ENE-trending Wadi Muba rak shear belt in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt.Gold-bearing quartz veins hosted by the Um Rus intrusion were mined intermittently,and initially by the ancient Egyptians and until the early 1900 s.The relationship between the gold mineralization,host intrusion,and regional structures has always been unclear.We present new geochemical and geochronological data that help to define the tectonic environment and age of the Um Rus intrusion.In addition,field studies are integrated with EPMA and LA-ICP-MS data for gold-associated sulfides to better understand the formation and distribution of gold mineralization.The bulk-rock geochemical data of fresh host rocks indicate a calc-alkaline,metaluminous to mildly peraluminous,I-type granite signature.Their trace element composition reflects a tectonic setting intermediate between subduction-related and within-plate environments,presumably transitional between syn-and post-collisional stages.The crystallization age of the Um Rus intrusion was determined by in situ SHRIMP 206 Pb/238 U and 207Pb/235U measurements on accessory monazite grains.The resultant monazite U-Pb weighted mean age(643±9 Ma;MSWD 1.8)roughly overlaps existing geochronological data for similar granitic intrusions that are confined to major shear systems and are locally associated with gold mineralization in the Central Eastrn Desert(e.g.,Fawakhir and Hangaliya).This age is also consistent with magmatism recognized as concomitant to transpressional tectonics(D2:~650 Ma)during the evolution of the Wadi Mubark belt.Formation of the gold-bearing quartz veins in NNE-SSW and N-S striking fault segments was likely linked to the change from transpressional to transtensional tectonics and terrane exhumation(D3:620-580 Ma).The development of N-S throughgoing fault arrays and dike swarms(~595 Ma)led to heterogeneous deformation and recrystallization of the mineralized quartz veins.Ore minerals in the auriferous quartz veins include ubiquitous pyrite and arsenopyrite,with less abundant pyrrhotite,chalcopyrite,sphalerite,and galena.Uncommon pentlandite,gersdorffite,and cobaltite inclusions hosted in quartz veins with meladiorite slivers are interpreted as pre-ore sulfide phases.The gold-sulfide paragenesis encompasses an early pyrite-arsenopyrite±loellingite assemblage,a transitional pyrite-arsenopyrite assemblage,and a late pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-sphalerite±galena assemblage.Free-milling gold/electrum grains(10 sμm-long)are scattered in extensively deformed vein quartz and in and adjacent to sulfide grains.Marcasite,malachite,and nodular goethite are authigenic alteration phases after pyrrhotite,chalcopyrite,and pyrite and arsenopyrite,respectively.A combined ore petrography,EPMA,and LA-ICP-MS study distinguishes morphological and compositional differences in the early and transitional pyrites(PyⅠ,PyⅡ)and arsenopyrite(ApyⅠ,ApyⅡ).Py I forms uncommon small euhedral inclusions in later PyⅡand Apy II.PyⅡforms large subhedral crystals with porous inner zones and massive outer zones,separated by narrow As-rich irregular mantles.The Fe and As contents in PyⅡare variable,and the LA-ICP-MS analysis shows erratic concentrations of Au(<1 to 177 ppm)and other trace elements(e.g.,Ag,Te,and Sb)in the porous inner zones,most likely related to discrete sub-microscopic sulfide inclusions.The outer massive zones have a rather homogenous composition,with consistently lower abundances of base metals and Au(mean 1.28 ppm).The early arsenopyrite(Apy I)forms fine-grained euhedral crystals enriched in Au(mean 17.7 ppm)and many other trace elements(i.e.,Ni,Co,Se,Ag,Sb,Te,Hg,and Bi).On the other hand,ApyⅡoccurs as coarsegrained subhedral crystals with lower and less variable concentrations of Au(mean 4 ppm).Elevated concentrations of Au(max.327 ppm)and other trace elements are measured in fragmented and aggregated pyrite and arsenopyrite grains,whereas the undeformed intact zones of the same grains are poor in all trace elements.The occurrence of gold/electrum as secondary inclusions in deformed pyrite and arsenopyrite crystals indicates that gold introduction was relatively late in the paragenesis.The LAICP-MS results are consistent with gold redistribution by the N-S though-going faults/dikes overprinted the earlier NNW-SSE quartz veins in the southeastern part of the intrusion,where the underground mining is concentrated.Formation of the Um Rus intrusion and gold-bearing quartz veins can be related to the evolution of the Wadi Mubarak shear belt,where the granitic intrusion formed during or just subsequent to D2 and provided dilatation spaces for gold-quartz vein deposition when deformed by D3 structures.  相似文献